1 Kasu - Thirumala deva Raya

Thirumala Deva Raya ruled as regent and later king in the immediate aftermath of the catastrophic Battle of Talikota in 1565, when a coalition of Deccan Sultanates destroyed the Vijayanagara capital at Hampi so thoroughly that it was never reoccupied. That he was minting copper kasu at all during this period reflects the empire's determined administrative continuity — the court relocated south to Penukonda, and coinage continued despite the effective collapse of the empire's territorial core.