1 Kasu - Samarakolakalan Banas of Madurai

The Madurai Sultanate was itself an anomaly — a breakaway provincial administration that outlasted its Tughluq overlords, surviving in the deep south long after Delhi's authority had collapsed across the Deccan. Samarakolakalan is among the later sultans of this line, ruling during the dynasty's terminal decline before the Vijayanagara Empire absorbed the region entirely. The copper kasu coinage of these later rulers is poorly documented and attribution remains contested among specialists; MSI#572 is one of relatively few anchored reference points for this reign.