1 Goldgulden - John I

John I ruled Cleves from 1448 until his death in 1481, a reign long enough to see multiple die combinations in his gulden series. The Noss and Schulten references both treat this type as a Rhine gulden struck to the weight standard established by the 1386 Kurverein agreement among the Rhenish electors — a standard Cleves, as a non-electoral duchy, adopted voluntarily to keep its coinage acceptable in regional trade.

Fr#1368 groups several die variants under a single Fivaz-Morowitz number, meaning individual pieces can differ meaningfully in their mint execution without distinction in most auction records.