1 Gani - Mahmud Shah

Historical Context: This 1 Gani copper coin was issued during the reign of Mahmud Shah Bahmani (1482-1485), a tumultuous period marking the incipient decline of the Bahmani Sultanate. Mahmud Shah's rule was largely nominal, dominated by powerful ministers, preceding the sultanate's fragmentation into independent Deccan states. Copper coinage, like this substantial Gani, served as the backbone of daily commerce, reflecting the lingering, albeit weakening, central authority amidst growing regional autonomy.

Artistry: Consistent with Indo-Islamic numismatic tradition, this Gani's artistry is primarily epigraphic. The anonymous engraver adhered to a stylistic school emphasizing clear, elegant Arabic or Persian calligraphy. The design typically features the ruler's name, titles, and the regnal or Hijri date, rendered in a functional yet aesthetically pleasing script. The absence of figural representation aligns with Islamic aniconism, focusing on the assertion of sovereignty and religious piety through textual declaration.

Technical/Grading: Weighing 15.8 grams and measuring 20 mm, this copper Gani represents a robust module. For grading, high-points are concentrated on the raised elements of the calligraphy, particularly central letter strokes and diacritical marks, which show the earliest wear. Technical strike qualities often vary; well-struck examples exhibit full, clear legends with a centered strike and circular flan. Conversely, weak strikes, off-centering, and irregular flans are common, reflecting the challenges of minting during this period of political instability.