1 Ferding - Gotthard Kettler Wenden, bust facing right

Historical Context:The 1559 1 Ferding, issued under Gotthard Kettler, is a critical numismatic artifact from the twilight of the Livonian Order. Kettler, the last Master, governed during the devastating Livonian War (1558-1583), a conflict that shattered the Order's centuries-old dominion. Struck amidst the Order's desperate struggle for survival against encroaching powers, this coin symbolizes its dwindling sovereignty. It represents the Order's final efforts to finance its defense before Kettler's eventual secularization of its lands in 1561.

Artistry:Artistically, this 1 Ferding embodies the transitional late Gothic to early Renaissance style prevalent in mid-16th century Baltic coinage. While the engraver is anonymous, the design features a right-facing bust of Gotthard Kettler. This portrait, though stylized, aimed for individual recognition, reflecting a nascent shift towards more naturalistic representation common in contemporary European mints. The reverse typically features the Order's cross or shield, balancing traditional heraldry with emerging ruler portraiture.

Technical/Grading:Technically, the 1 Ferding exhibits characteristics typical of its era. Struck in silver (.578 fineness), its composition reflects regional standards and potential wartime debasement. For grading, key high-points on the obverse bust include Kettler's nose tip, highest points of his cap or hair, and prominent collar/armor features. Strike quality varies, often showing weakness in peripheral legends or central details due to inconsistent planchet preparation and manual striking. Off-center strikes are also common for these issues.