Catalog
| Issuer | Poland |
|---|---|
| Year | 1917-1918 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | 1 Pfennig (Fenig) (0.01) |
| Currency | Mark (1917-1924) |
| Composition | Iron |
| Weight | 1.75 g |
| Diameter | 15 mm |
| Thickness | 1.7 mm |
| Shape | Round |
| Technique | Milled |
| Orientation | Medal alignment ↑↑ |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | Y#4, Schön#1, ParM#4 |
| Obverse description | Crowned eagle. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering | F F |
| Reverse description | 3-line inscription with value and date, legend surrounding. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering | 1 / FENIG/ 1917 KROLESTWO POLSKIE |
| Edge | Plain |
| Mint |
F Staatliche Münze Baden-Württemberg,Stuttgart, Germany (1374-date) |
| Mintage |
1917 FF - - 1917 FF - Proof - 1918 FF - - 51 484 000 1918 FF - Proof - |
| Numisquare ID | 1908697830 |
| Additional information |
Historical Context: The 1 Fenig coin of 1917-1918 was issued by the German-controlled Regency Kingdom of Poland during World War I. This provisional entity, established by the Central Powers, represented an attempt to create a Polish state under German influence. Lacking a true Polish monarch, the currency reflected the wartime economy and the struggle for Polish independence amidst geopolitical upheaval. It served as a crucial medium of exchange in a nation grappling with foreign occupation and sovereignty aspirations.
Artistry: The design of the 1 Fenig is characteristic of utilitarian wartime coinage, prioritizing legibility and national symbolism. The engraver is not widely documented, reflecting a functional, minimalist stylistic approach. The obverse features a crowned Polish eagle, a potent national emblem, with the date. The reverse clearly states the denomination "1 FENIG" and the issuing authority "KRÓLESTWO POLSKIE" (Kingdom of Poland). This simplicity underscores its role as an emergency currency.
Technical/Grading: Struck in iron, a strategic wartime material, this coin weighs 1.75 grams and measures 15 millimeters. High-points for wear and strike quality include the crown details on the eagle's head and finer feather lines on the obverse. On the reverse, clarity of "KRÓLESTWO POLSKIE" and "1 FENIG" are key. Due to material and wartime production, strikes are often weak, causing softness in the eagle's breast feathers and crown ornamentation. Iron planchets are also prone to surface imperfections and corrosion.