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1 Farthing - Charles I Rose issue, mules of types 1 and 2 or 3
| Issuer | England |
|---|---|
| Year | 1636 |
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| Currency | Pound sterling (1158-1970) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | A large Type 1 double-arched crown with sceptres is depicted within a beaded inner circle, occupying the central field. A privy mark appears at 12 o'clock within or adjacent to the legend. The encircling Latin legend reads CAROLVS D G MAG BRIT, identifying Charles as King of Great Britain by divine right. The design is characteristic of the Rose farthing series issued under royal licence, struck on small copper flans with a brass insert. The style is bold but somewhat irregular due to the roller-milling technique employed. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | (.)CAROLVS(.) D! G! MAG! BRIT(!) (Translation: Charles by the Grace of God (king) of Great Britain) |
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| Additional information |
Charles I's royal farthing tokens were a licensing operation, not a royal mint product — private patentees paid the Crown for the right to produce them and pocketed the profit margin between production cost and face value. The Rose issues of the mid-1630s represent the third distinct patent iteration, and mules pairing Type 1 obverse dies with Type 2 or Type 3 reverses emerged as transitional production shifted between contractors. The brass wedge inserted into the copper flan — a crude anti-counterfeiting measure — was already failing in its purpose by this point; forgeries were endemic throughout the entire regal farthing programme.