1 Falus - Muhammad Adil Shah Bijapur

Muhammad Adil Shah came to power in Bijapur in 1627 after poisoning his predecessor Ibrahim Adil Shah II, consolidating a sultanate that had spent decades navigating between Mughal pressure from the north and Vijayanagara rivalry to the south. His reign would stretch nearly three decades, making him one of the longer-ruling Adil Shahi sultans, but the copper coinage of his early years remains poorly documented in terms of die varieties and mint attribution — the Bijapur mint records from this period simply do not survive in recoverable form.