1 Falus - Mahmud Shah II

Mahmud Shah II's reign over Malwa was effectively over before this coin was struck — by 1524 the sultanate had become a contested prize between the Rajput confederacy under Medini Rai and the expanding Sultanate of Gujarat. Mahmud II spent much of his rule as a political captive, his authority nominal at best. Copper falus from this period circulated in a polity that was functionally disintegrating, which makes dated, attributable examples harder to pin down than the silver coinage of the same reign.