The Malwa Sultanate's copper coinage from this period reflects the administrative strain of a polity under persistent external pressure. Mahmud Shah II's reign saw repeated conflict with the Sultanate of Gujarat and the rising Rajput confederacies, and by the early sixteenth century Malwa was effectively a contested buffer state. Mahmud II died in 1531 after Gujarat's Bahadur Shah captured Mandu, extinguishing the dynasty entirely.
GG#M171 falus issues from this reign are modestly common in excavated hoards from the Madhya Pradesh region, typically recovered in worn condition consistent with active local market use.
The Malwa Sultanate's copper coinage from this period reflects the administrative strain of a polity under persistent external pressure. Mahmud Shah II's reign saw repeated conflict with the Sultanate of Gujarat and the rising Rajput confederacies, and by the early sixteenth century Malwa was effectively a contested buffer state. Mahmud II died in 1531 after Gujarat's Bahadur Shah captured Mandu, extinguishing the dynasty entirely.
GG#M171 falus issues from this reign are modestly common in excavated hoards from the Madhya Pradesh region, typically recovered in worn condition consistent with active local market use.