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1 Falus - Ibrahim Shah II Malwa
| Issuer | Malwa Sultanate |
|---|---|
| Year | 1517-1526 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Square hammered flan with a two-line Arabic legend divided by a horizontal rule across the centre of the field. The upper register reads 'bin Mahmud' and the lower register 'Shah al-Khalji', completing the full patronymic and dynastic title of the sultan. The script is rendered in a bold Naskh hand consistent with other Malwa Khalji copper issues of the early sixteenth century. The inscription is framed within a plain linear border conforming to the square shape of the coin. The flan exhibits uneven edges and surface porosity typical of hand-struck base-metal coinage of the period. |
| Reverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
Ibrahim Shah II ruled Malwa during its terminal decade. The sultanate fell in 1531 when Bahadur Shah of Gujarat invaded and absorbed the kingdom entirely, ending nearly 130 years of independent Malwa coinage. Issues from Ibrahim's reign were struck at Mandu, the hilltop capital that Bahadur Shah would subsequently sack and largely depopulate.
KM# 153 copper falus of this period are notoriously inconsistent in flan preparation, a persistent feature of late Malwa copper issues rather than a strike anomaly specific to any one die.