1 Falus - Anonymous Qarshi, countermarked

Qarshi — the historic Uzbek city known in antiquity as Nakhshab and later as Nasaf — operated as a semi-autonomous urban mint under successive Central Asian powers, and anonymous copper falus of this type were issued precisely because small-denomination coinage was chronically undersupplied by imperial mints. The countermark is the operative detail here: it represents a local revalidation, almost certainly tied to a change of administration or a currency reform that rendered unmarked pieces unacceptable without official re-authorization.

The Zeno reference places this within a documented corpus, but countermarked coppers from this region remain incompletely catalogued.