1 Falus - Anonymous Qarshi, countermarked

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Beschrijving keerzijde	Reverse of the host coin, heavily worn and largely obliterated, with only faint traces of the original hammered Arabic legends and design elements discernible in the field. The surface displays typical characteristics of prolonged circulation, with flattening of relief and areas of verdigris patination. No countermark is present on this side.
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Oplage	ND - c/m on Bukhara coin - ND - c/m on Samarqand coin -
Aanvullende informatie	Qarshi — the historic Uzbek city known in antiquity as Nakhshab and later as Nasaf — operated as a semi-autonomous urban mint under successive Central Asian powers, and anonymous copper falus of this type were issued precisely because small-denomination coinage was chronically undersupplied by imperial mints. The countermark is the operative detail here: it represents a local revalidation, almost certainly tied to a change of administration or a currency reform that rendered unmarked pieces unacceptable without official re-authorization. The Zeno reference places this within a documented corpus, but countermarked coppers from this region remain incompletely catalogued.