1 Fals - Yusuf b. Mansur Usrushana

Usrushana — the mountainous region between Samarkand and the Syr Darya — had long resisted Islamicization well after surrounding territories submitted, making any administrative coinage from the area carry unusual historical weight. By the early eleventh century it had been absorbed into the Qarakhanid sphere, but local rulers retained a degree of autonomy reflected in regionally struck copper issues like this fals. Yusuf b. Mansur represents one of the lesser-documented sub-rulers operating under Qarakhanid suzerainty in this frontier zone.

Album 3314E is a tightly defined type within a series where attribution remains difficult without die study.