1 Fals - Chaghri Subashi Uka Citing Ali b. al-Hasan

The Qarakhanids were the first Turkic dynasty to convert to Islam, and their copper fals issues reflect the administrative complexity of a confederation where local governors — subashis — held genuine minting authority. The citation of both Chaghri Subashi and Uka alongside Ali b. al-Hasan on a single fals is not redundancy; it maps a precise moment in the Qarakhanid hierarchy, with the subashi's name serving as a localized political claim rather than mere protocol.

Ishtikhan, in the Sogdian heartland of Transoxiana, had been a minting center long before the Qarakhanids arrived.