1 Dirham - Yahya II al-Qadir

Historical Context: This copper dirham from Valencia, dated 1077, reflects the fragmented Taifa period. Yahya II al-Qadir, primarily the Dhu'l-Nunid ruler of Toledo, saw his name appear on Valencian coinage before his formal installation there by Alfonso VI in 1086. This pre-dates his widely accepted rule in Valencia, suggesting a complex political landscape of claims or influence. Valencia was a coveted, contested territory, often paying *parias* to Christian powers. This issue thus exemplifies the volatile, shifting allegiances of al-Andalus.

Artistry: Consistent with Islamic numismatic tradition, the coin's artistry is purely epigraphic. Elegant Kufic script forms central and marginal legends on both obverse and reverse. Inscriptions include the Kalima, ruler's name and titles, mint (Valencia), and date (1077 AH). Individual engraver signatures are virtually absent in Taifa coinage. The stylistic school prioritizes calligraphic clarity and balance; execution quality varied between mints based on resources.

Technical/Grading: For this copper dirham (4.53 gg), key grading points focus on inscription legibility and preservation. A strong, even strike is essential for clear Kufic characters, especially the mint and date. Given copper's corrosion susceptibility, minimal pitting, verdigris, or surface damage is crucial. Die centering, affecting marginal legend completeness, also significantly impacts grade. Even wear, without excessive detail loss, indicates higher preservation for this utilitarian coinage.