1 Dirham - Rustam b. Sharwin Firrim

Historical Context: This 1 Dirham, dated 974 CE (AH 363-364), was issued by Rustam b. Sharwin Firrim of the Bavand dynasty in Tabaristan. The Bavandids maintained semi-autonomy in northern Iran, navigating the dominant Buyid confederation. Rustam II's coinage, featuring the honorific "Firrim," asserted sovereign authority, reflecting his strategic efforts to balance power amidst Islamic dynastic fragmentation in the Caspian provinces.

Artistry: The artistic style is characteristic of early Islamic numismatics, prioritizing calligraphic artistry. The design exclusively employs Kufic script, the angular Arabic style prevalent in the 10th century CE. Engravers remain anonymous, but the stylistic school aligns with broader Abbasid/Buyid traditions. Emphasis was placed on the clarity, spacing, and aesthetic balance of the religious and titular legends. Execution quality reflects the skill of mint artisans, often trained scribes adapting their craft.

Technical/Grading: Key grading points include Kufic legend legibility and sharpness, particularly the ruler's name, mint (e.g., Sari or Amul), and date. A strong, centered strike is preferred; off-center strikes are common. Flan integrity (often irregular) and absence of clipping are crucial. The 3.80 gg weight is a benchmark; deviations indicate wear/alteration. Overall script clarity, especially marginal legends, is paramount for aesthetic assessment.