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1 Dirham - Jibra'il b. Yusuf al-Shash
| Issuer | United Qarakhanid Khaganate |
|---|---|
| Year | 1033 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse lettering | لا إله إلا الله وحده لا شريك له محمد رسول الله القائم بأمر الله محمد رسول الله ارسله بالهدى ودين الحق ليظهره على الدين كله ولو كره المشركون |
| Reverse description | Central field displays a multi-line Arabic Kufic inscription arranged in horizontal registers within a circular border, naming the local Qarakhanid ruler Jibra'il ibn Yusuf with the title Malik al-Mashriq (King of the East). The mint and date inscription in the outer marginal legend reads that this dirham was struck at al-Shash in the year 424 AH. An inner circular border separates the central inscriptional field from the surrounding marginal legend. The hammered flan exhibits irregular edges and areas of die weakness, characteristic of Central Asian Islamic coinage of the early 5th century AH. |
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| Additional information |
The Qarakhanid dirhams of this period present persistent attribution headaches — the khaganate's complex system of appanage governance meant multiple semi-autonomous rulers struck coins simultaneously under overlapping titles, making die studies essential for untangling the sequence. Jibra'il b. Yusuf is documented as a local governor at al-Shash (the region around modern Tashkent), operating under the broader Qarakhanid structure during a period when the dynasty was already fracturing between eastern and western branches.
Al-Shash was a prosperous mint city on the Silk Road, and its silver output was substantial. Album's A#3362 remains sparsely represented in published collections.