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| 正面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
|---|---|
| 正面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 正面铭文 | VICTORIA CONSTANTINI AVG VOT-XXX |
| 背面描述 | Multiple-line Arabic Kufic inscription arranged within a square compartmentalized frame, divided into registers by ruled lines, carrying the ruler's titles and name. A secondary marginal Arabic legend runs around the outer border within a beaded inner circle. The overall layout follows the standard Artuqid square-Kufic epigraphic design, with bold angular lettering filling the available field. |
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| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
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| 附加信息 |
Fakhr al-Din Qara Arslan ruled the Artuqid branch centered on Hisn Kayfa during one of the more turbulent stretches of Anatolian and Jaziran history, his reign overlapping with the Second Crusade and the sustained pressure of Zengid expansion under Nur ad-Din. The Artuqids occupied a precarious middle position — nominally vassals shifting allegiance between competing powers — and their copper coinage functioned within a regional economy where silver was scarce and Abbasid monetary authority largely nominal.
A#1820.3 places this piece within a catalogued die grouping for the type. Copper Artuqid dirhams from this period are frequently found with uneven flans, a consequence of local casting practices rather than deteriorating dies.