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1 Dirham - Ahmad b. Muhammad Barskhan
| Issuer | Eastern Qarakhanid Khaganate |
|---|---|
| Year | 1044 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 1 Dirham (0.7) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Central field displays a multi-line Arabic kalima inscription arranged in four horizontal lines within a plain border. The legends are struck in a bold Kufic script typical of Qarakhanid coinage, reading the Islamic profession of faith and the name of the local ruler Ahmad b. Muhammad Barskhan. The flan is irregular and slightly ragged at the edges, consistent with hand-hammered production. The surface shows significant wear and patination, with the die-struck legends remaining legible across the central area. No decorative framing elements or geometric ornaments are present. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | لا اله الا الله وحده لا شريك له احمد بن محمد برسخان |
| Reverse description | Central field bears a multi-line Arabic inscription in Kufic script arranged in four horizontal lines, enclosed within a double circular border. The inner legend cites the Abbasid caliph al-Qa'im bi-Amr Allah and the Shahada, while a continuous marginal legend encircles the field, recording the mint name Barskhan and the date AH 435. The overall layout follows the classical Abbasid-influenced dirham format adapted by Qarakhanid rulers. The flan is irregular with slight ragged edges characteristic of hammered production, and the surface displays natural oxidation and patination. The legends remain substantially legible despite moderate die wear. |
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