1 Dinar - Abu Ziyan Muhammad II Madinat Fas

Historical Context: This 1 Dinar coin was issued during Abu Ziyan Muhammad II's turbulent reign (1362-1366), a period emblematic of Marinid dynastic instability. Succeeding his brother, Abu Salim Ibrahim, Abu Ziyan II's rule was brief and contested, ending in his overthrow. Minted in Madinat Fas (Fez), the Marinid Sultanate's intellectual and political heart, this gold dinar served as a crucial economic instrument and potent symbol of sovereignty amidst persistent rivalries in the Maghreb, reflecting the era's precarious authority.

Artistry: Marinid numismatic artistry, exemplified by this dinar, strictly adheres to the epigraphic tradition of Islamic coinage. Individual engraver attribution is virtually unknown for this era; artistic merit resides entirely in calligraphic execution. The elegance and clarity of the Arabic script—incorporating the Shahada, ruler's name, titles, and mint—are paramount. The skillful arrangement of these inscriptions within the circular field, often with subtle decorative flourishes, defines the aesthetic appeal, rather than figurative imagery.

Technical/Grading: For this type, critical grading high-points include the completeness and sharpness of central legends, especially the ruler's name and titles, which are often weakly struck. Legibility of surrounding religious inscriptions is also key. A well-centered strike on a relatively full and uniform flan is highly desirable, as irregular planchets and off-center strikes are common. Absence of significant wear on raised calligraphic elements and a clean, unclipped edge contribute significantly to a higher numismatic grade.