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1 Denaro - Anthony I Caetani Cross

Issuer Patriarchate of Aquileia
Year 1395-1402
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Shape Round (irregular)
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Obverse description Central field displays the Caetani heraldic shield, charged with a wavy or nebuly fess, all contained within a beaded inner circle. The escutcheon is rendered in relief with clear heraldic detail characteristic of late 14th-century Italian hammered coinage. A circular legend in Gothic uncial script surrounds the beaded border, reading the name and title of the patriarch. The overall composition is symmetrical and typical of the feudal ecclesiastical coinage of the Patriarchate of Aquileia.
Obverse script Latin (uncial)
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Antonio I Caetani held the Patriarchate of Aquileia from 1395 to 1402, appointed by Pope Boniface IX during a period when the patriarchate was caught between Venetian territorial ambitions and the fractured politics of the Duchy of Austria. The see at Aquileia had once commanded enormous ecclesiastical authority across northeastern Italy and the western Balkans, but by Caetani's tenure it was a diminished power negotiating its survival between larger secular forces.

Bernardi's corpus on Friulian coinage remains the standard reference for attributing these small silver issues to specific patriarchs, where die-linked specimens help distinguish otherwise near-identical types across successive reigns.

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