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1 Denarius - Imitating Julia Domna, 193-211, or Julia Maesa, 218-224
| Issuer | Uncertain Germanic tribes |
|---|---|
| Year | 225-325 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Draped bust of a female figure, imitating Julia Domna or Julia Maesa, facing right, with an elaborately coiffed hairstyle rendered in a barbarous style. The effigy is encircled by a poorly executed Latin legend, partially legible, reflecting the work of a non-Roman die-cutter. The portrait retains the general composition of Severan-era imperial prototypes while exhibiting the characteristic crude workmanship of a barbarous imitation. |
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| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Barbarian imitations of Severan-era denarii circulated widely beyond the Rhine and Danube frontiers, where Roman silver was valued for its metal content rather than any official authority. The Germanic tribes producing these pieces had no minting infrastructure in the Roman sense — dies were cut by hand from observation of circulating coins, which is why prototypes were often Severan empress issues, the most abundant silver in frontier commerce during the third century.
Julia Domna and Julia Maesa denarii remained in active circulation decades after their official production ended, meaning the imitators were often copying already-worn coins.