1 Centesimo - Napoleon I

Napoleon established the Kingdom of Italy in 1805 as a client state with himself as king and his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais as viceroy — it was Eugène who handled day-to-day administration of the mint system. The centesimo denomination was part of a decimal coinage reform imposed across Napoleonic territories to standardize commerce and undercut older feudal monetary systems. Three mints struck this type across the issue's lifespan: Milan, Venice, and Bologna, which accounts for the multiple Cayon catalog variants.