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1 Centesimo - Napoleon I

Issuer Italy, Napoleonic Kingdom of
Year 1807-1813
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Thickness 0.8 mm
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Obverse description Bare-headed effigy of Napoleon I facing left, rendered in a restrained neoclassical style engraved by Luigi Manfredini. The portrait features finely detailed curled hair, a strong profile with prominent nose and firm jaw, and a truncated neck. The circular legend reads NAPOLEONE IMPERATORE E RE, distributed around the periphery with the date appearing at the bottom of the field, flanked by small decorative marks. A dentilated border frames the entire design.
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Reverse script Latin
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Additional information

Napoleon established the Kingdom of Italy in 1805 as a client state with himself as king and his stepson Eugène de Beauharnais as viceroy — it was Eugène who handled day-to-day administration of the mint system. The centesimo denomination was part of a decimal coinage reform imposed across Napoleonic territories to standardize commerce and undercut older feudal monetary systems. Three mints struck this type across the issue's lifespan: Milan, Venice, and Bologna, which accounts for the multiple Cayon catalog variants.

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