1 Cash Uncertain Sogdian mint, Chach or Ferghana

Sogdiana's coinage during the 8th century was never centrally organized — it emerged from a patchwork of city-states and merchant communities stretched across the trade routes between Samarkand and the Syr Darya basin. The attribution to either Chach (modern Tashkent) or Ferghana reflects a genuine scholarly impasse; Smirnova's classification acknowledges the overlap in coin morphology between the two regions without forcing a false resolution.

The Arab conquest pushed steadily into Transoxiana through this period, with Qutayba ibn Muslim taking Samarkand in 712. Local bronze issues like this one continued circulating well after political control shifted, as the new administration had little immediate interest in replacing low-denomination copper for local markets.