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1 Cash - Shunzhi Tongbao, Manchu and Chinese reverse, Gi / Ji

Issuer Board of Revenue Mint / Board of Works Mint, Qing Dynasty
Year 1660-1661
Type Standard circulation coin
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Reverse script Chinese (traditional, regular script), Manchu
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Mintage ND (1660-1661)
Additional information

The Manchu-and-Chinese reverse type introduced in 1653 was a deliberate administrative reform under the Shunzhi Emperor, requiring each mint to identify its output with both a Manchu and a Chinese character — a policy that lasted only until 1661 before being abandoned in favor of the Manchu-only reverse series. The "Gi" or "Ji" designation places this piece at one of the Board of Revenue or Board of Works facilities in the capital, both of which operated under direct imperial fiscal oversight rather than provincial authority.

The dual-script series as a whole saw significant output variation between the two boards, and the short production window of this specific type — roughly eight years across the full reform — keeps surviving examples relatively scarce compared to the longer-running Shunzhi issues flanking it chronologically.

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