1 Cash - Khải Định Thông Bảo, cast

Khải Định ascended to the throne in 1916 as a French-approved figurehead, his reign defined almost entirely by accommodation with the colonial administration. These cash pieces were cast — not struck — using the same square-holed, traditional Chinese-derived format that Vietnamese rulers had maintained for centuries, a deliberate continuity that projected dynastic legitimacy even as actual imperial authority had largely evaporated. The Nguyễn dynasty's mint at Huế produced them in small quantities relative to earlier reigns.

Khải Định died in 1925 without a clear monetary legacy; his son Bảo Đại succeeded him the following year, ending production of this type.