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1 Cash - Khải Định Thông Bảo, cast

Issuer Empire of Vietnam
Year 1916-1926
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Weight 3.1 g
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Obverse description Cast brass cash coin in the traditional East Asian style, featuring a central square hole flanked by four Chinese characters in regular script (kaishu), arranged in cruciform fashion and read top-to-bottom, right-to-left. The legend 啓定通寳 (Khải Định Thông Bảo) surrounds the central perforation within a plain raised rim. The characters are boldly rendered in high relief against a flat field, typical of Vietnamese Nguyễn dynasty cast coinage. The obverse surface shows the characteristic granular texture of sand-cast production.
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Obverse lettering  啓 寳 通  定
(Translation: Khải Định Thông Bảo Khải Định (Emperor) / Universal currency)
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Additional information

Khải Định ascended to the throne in 1916 as a French-approved figurehead, his reign defined almost entirely by accommodation with the colonial administration. These cash pieces were cast — not struck — using the same square-holed, traditional Chinese-derived format that Vietnamese rulers had maintained for centuries, a deliberate continuity that projected dynastic legitimacy even as actual imperial authority had largely evaporated. The Nguyễn dynasty's mint at Huế produced them in small quantities relative to earlier reigns.

Khải Định died in 1925 without a clear monetary legacy; his son Bảo Đại succeeded him the following year, ending production of this type.

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