1 Binio - Imitating Septimius Severus, 193-211, and Julia Domna, 193-217

Historical Context: This intriguing 1 Binio gold piece, struck by uncertain Germanic tribes between 250 and 325 CE, represents a fascinating numismatic phenomenon: the imitation of Roman imperial coinage long after its original issue. The prototypes, featuring Septimius Severus (193-211) and Julia Domna (193-217), were chosen for their enduring recognition and the high intrinsic value associated with Severan gold. During the tumultuous Crisis of the Third Century, when official Roman gold issues became scarcer and often debased, these Germanic imitations, frequently struck to a heavier standard (the "Binio" suggesting a double aureus weight), served as critical currency, likely for trade, tribute, or as prestige objects in frontier regions, underscoring the enduring economic influence of Roman coinage even amidst imperial decline.

Artistry: Lacking a specific engraver or formal stylistic school, the artistry of this Binio reflects the localized workshops of the Germanic tribes. While clearly drawing inspiration from official Severan issues, the execution typically exhibits a "barbarized" style, characterized by a departure from the refined realism of Roman portraiture towards more schematic or abstract renderings. The small flan size of 18 mm, relative to its substantial weight, often results in a dense, dumpy fabric. The design would feature recognizable, albeit often simplified, portraits of Septimius Severus and Julia Domna, likely with their characteristic attributes, demonstrating a clear intent to replicate the prestigious Roman prototypes referenced, for example, in Calicó Hisp#cf. 2587.

Technical/Grading: The technical qualities of these Germanic imitations often diverge significantly from official Roman issues. The striking process on a thick, 18 mm flan weighing 11.74 grams of gold frequently led to incomplete strikes, particularly around the edges, as the metal struggled to spread fully. High-points for preservation would include the central facial features, hair details, and any drapery folds, which are often the first areas to show wear or weakness in the strike. Centering can be variable, and die alignment may not be precise. Despite potential strike imperfections, the substantial gold weight and purity were paramount, making these Binio pieces highly valued for their intrinsic metallic content rather than purely aesthetic or technical perfection.