1 Ashrafi - Abbas I Safavi Herat mint

Abbas I reorganized the Safavid monetary system shortly after consolidating power, standardizing the gold ashrafi as the prestige denomination of his administration. Herat, recaptured from the Uzbeks in 1598 after nearly a decade of Uzbek occupation, became one of the key eastern mints precisely because of its strategic and commercial importance on the Khorasan trade routes.

Gold output from Herat under Abbas remains poorly documented compared to Tabriz or Isfahan, making mint-attributed examples from this reign considerably harder to place in sequence.