1 AE Dirham - Shams al-Din Qutlugh Bilga Khan

The Qarakhanid confederation was fracturing badly by the opening of the thirteenth century, with Qara Khitai suzerainty pressing from the east and Khwarazmian aggression from the west. Parab — a Syr Darya regional mint — was issuing copper at a moment when the dynasty's political coherence was dissolving faster than its administrative apparatus. Shams al-Din Qutlugh Bilga Khan governed a diminishing jurisdiction, and the brevity of his attested coinage window reflects that instability directly.

A#3424P is sparsely documented in the standard references, with very few die-matched specimens recorded in major collections.