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| 表面の説明 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
|---|---|
| 表面の文字体系 | Arabic |
| 表面の銘文 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 裏面の説明 | Central field bearing a multi-line Arabic inscription in Kufic script arranged in horizontal registers within an inner circle, referencing the ruler's name and titles. A marginal circular legend in Arabic script runs along the periphery, partially visible due to the irregular flan. The strike is moderately well-centered, with characteristic weakness at the edges typical of hammered Qarakhanid copper dirhams. Green cupric patination covers much of the surface, attesting to the coin's age and copper composition. |
| 裏面の文字体系 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 裏面の銘文 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 縁 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 鋳造所 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 鋳造数 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
| 追加情報 |
The Qarakhanid confederation was fracturing badly by the opening of the thirteenth century, with Qara Khitai suzerainty pressing from the east and Khwarazmian aggression from the west. Parab — a Syr Darya regional mint — was issuing copper at a moment when the dynasty's political coherence was dissolving faster than its administrative apparatus. Shams al-Din Qutlugh Bilga Khan governed a diminishing jurisdiction, and the brevity of his attested coinage window reflects that instability directly.
A#3424P is sparsely documented in the standard references, with very few die-matched specimens recorded in major collections.