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1/2 Tostão - Filipe III

Issuer Casa da Moeda (Portuguese Royal Mint)
Year 1621-1640
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Weight 4.2 g
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Reverse description Central field features a plain Greek cross with a small pellet at the centre, the arms extending nearly to the inner beaded border, with a crown placed above the cross between the upper arms. The marginal legend IN HOC SIGNO VINCES (In this sign thou shalt conquer) runs in Latin capitals around the periphery between the inner beaded circle and the outer rim. The overall composition is typical of the hammered silver coinage struck for Philip III of Portugal (Philip IV of Spain) during his reign over the Iberian Union, with the cross serving as the primary reverse type across multiple Portuguese denominations of this period.
Reverse script Latin
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Additional information

Philip III of Portugal — Philip IV of Spain — never set foot in Portugal after his accession in 1621, governing the kingdom entirely through viceroys. The half tostão was struck across his nineteen-year reign to satisfy local commercial demand that Spanish coin could not adequately meet, Portugal retaining its own mint and currency system under the Iberian Union rather than being absorbed into Castilian monetary practice.

The Gomes reference spans seven die varieties across the reign, with subtle differences in the crown form and lettering used to sequence them chronologically.

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