カタログ
| 発行体 | Panama |
|---|---|
| 年号 | 1580-1583 |
| 種類 | Standard circulation coin |
| 額面 | 1/2 Real |
| 通貨 | Real (1580-1583) |
| 材質 | Silver |
| 重量 | 1.72 g |
| 直径 | 19 mm |
| 厚さ | |
| 形状 | Round (irregular) |
| 製造技法 | Hammered (cob) |
| 向き | |
| 彫刻師 | |
| 流通終了年 | |
| 参考文献 | MB#1 |
| 表面の説明 | Crowned monogram inside beaded border and legend surrounding, with the mintmark and assayers mark left of monogram |
|---|---|
| 表面の文字体系 | Latin |
| 表面の銘文 |
D. G. ISPANIARVM AP PM PHILLIPVS (Translation: By the Grace of God Spains Phillip) |
| 裏面の説明 | Cross of Jerusalem inside beaded border and legend surrounding |
| 裏面の文字体系 | Latin |
| 裏面の銘文 |
ET INDIARVM . REX (Translation: And Indies King) |
| 縁 | |
| 鋳造所 |
AP Casa de la Moneda de Panamá,Panamá Viejo, Panama (1580-1583) |
| 鋳造数 |
ND (1580-1583) AP - o/X Assayer Mark; Possibly Unique - |
| Numisquare ID | 3098868630 |
| 追加情報 |
Historical Context: This 1/2 Real, issued under Philip II (1556-1598), originates from the zenith of the Spanish Empire. Struck in Panama City between 1580 and 1583, it was vital for the bustling colonial economy. Panama served as a critical transshipment hub for silver from Peruvian mines to Spain, making local currency essential for daily commerce. The Panama mint's short operational period renders its output historically significant and relatively scarce.
Artistry: Typical for early Spanish colonial coinage, this piece exemplifies the "cob" or "hammered" style, characterized by irregular planchets and hand-struck execution. Specific engravers are generally not identified. The design likely features the Pillars of Hercules and waves, symbolizing Spain's dominion and the motto "PLVS VLTRA," on one side. The reverse would display the crowned Hapsburg shield, accompanied by the Panama mintmark "P" and assayer's initial.
Technical/Grading: Striking quality is highly variable due to its cob nature. High-points for preservation include the crown and upper quadrants of the shield, and the tops of the Pillars of Hercules and the "PLVS VLTRA" motto. These areas are frequently weakly struck or off-flan. A well-centered strike with clear identification marks (mintmark, assayer, denomination) and legible major design elements is considered exceptional for this type, despite its inherent crudeness.