Katalog
| Emitent | Bolivia |
|---|---|
| Rok | 1667-1701 |
| Typ | Standard circulation coin |
| Hodnota | 1/2 Real |
| Měna | Real (1574-1825) |
| Složení | Silver (.931) |
| Hmotnost | 1.6921 g |
| Průměr | 14 mm |
| Tloušťka | |
| Tvar | Cob |
| Technika | |
| Orientace | Medal alignment ↑↑ |
| Rytci | |
| V oběhu do | |
| Reference | KM#22 |
| Popis líce | Crowned CAROLVS in monogram, with date below wrapped inside an roped border. A small pomegranate appears above the monogram for issues of E, C and V for 1667-1681. Then is replaced by a small pellet, except for 1686 VR, where the pomegranate returns for that year only. NOTES: Small, ornate crown above monogram from 1667-1694. Large, simple Crown 1695-1701 First Monogram 1667-1671 (with pomegranate flanked by pellets above) Second Monogram 1672-1678 (with pomegranate above) Third Monogram 1679-1698 (Pom above until 1682) Fourth Monogram 1698-1701 (pellet above monogram) |
|---|---|
| Písmo líce | |
| Opis líce |
CAROLVS•II•D•G•H(ISP) (Translation: CARLOS II, BY GRACE OF GOD, (King of) SPAIN....) |
| Popis rubu | Crowned cross, with Castles and Lions in spaces, wrapped inside a roped border. For 1675, mintmark P and assayers mark `E` left and right of cross. Secondary, 2-digit date added in 1680 below the cross. Issues of 1679-1701 show three small pellets around the cross, starting at the left, above and to the right. |
| Písmo rubu | |
| Opis rubu |
POTOSI•ANO•1694• (Translation: POTOSI, YEAR 1694.) |
| Hrana | Smooth |
| Mincovna |
P Potosi, Bolivia (1572-1953) |
| Náklad |
1667 - 3 Digit date below Monogram. - 1668 - 3 Digit date below Monogram. - 1669 - 3 Digit date below Monogram. - 1670 - 70 below Monogram. - 1671 - 671 below Monogram. - 1672 - 672 below Monogram. - 1673 - 673 below Monogram. - 1674 - 674 below Monogram. - 1675 P-E - 1675 below monogram, P-E flank cross. - 1676 - 76 below Monogram. - 1677 - 77 below Monogram. - 1678 - 678 below Monogram. - 1679 - 679 below Monogram. - 1680 - 680 below monogram, 80 below cross - 1681 - 681 below monogram, 81 below cross - 1682 - 682 below monogram, 82 below cross - 1683 - 683 below monogram, 83 below cross - 1684 - 684 below monogram, 84 below cross - 1685 - 685 below monogram, 85 below cross - 1686 - 686 below monogram, with Pomegranate above. 86 below cross. - 1687 - 687 below monogram, 87 below cross - 1688 - 688 below monogram, 88 below cross - 1689 - 689 below monogram, 89 below cross - 1690 - 690 below monogram, 90 below cross - 1691 - 691 below monogram, 91 below cross - 1692 - 692 below monogram, 92 below cross - 1693 - 693 below monogram, 93 below cross - 1694 - 694 below monogram, 94 below cross - 1695 - 695 below monogram, 95 below cross. New Crown variety above. - 1696 - 696 below monogram, 96 below cross - 1697 - 697 below monogram, 97 below cross - 1698 - 698 below new style monogram, 98 below cross - 1699 - 699 below monogram, 99 below cross - 1700 - 700 below monogram, 700 below cross - 1701 - 701 below monogram, 701 below cross - |
| ID Numisquare | 1192383310 |
| Další informace |
Historical Context: This 1/2 Real coin was issued under Charles II, the last Habsburg monarch of Spain (1665-1700), whose reign saw imperial decline amidst European power struggles. Struck at the Potosí mint in Bolivia, these silver issues were vital to the Spanish Crown, funding its global empire. The 1/2 Real served as a crucial denomination for everyday commerce within the Viceroyalty of Peru, facilitating transactions in a region renowned for its prodigious silver output.
Artistry: As "cob" coinage, this piece exemplifies utilitarian, hand-struck production, prioritizing efficiency over aesthetic refinement. Engravers at Potosí remain largely anonymous; the stylistic school is defined by its functional approach. The obverse typically features a rudimentary Habsburg shield, flanked by the "P" mint mark and assayer's initial. The reverse displays a cross, often a Jerusalem cross, with castles and lions in quadrants, surrounded by the monarch's ordinal and date, frequently truncated due to the irregular flan.
Technical/Grading: The technical quality of these 1/2 Reales is inherently variable, characteristic of cob coinage. High-points for preservation are typically the central elements: the Habsburg shield and the cross, which often show the strongest strike. Legends, dates, and outer design elements are frequently off-flan or weakly struck due to the irregular flan shape and manual striking. Double striking, planchet imperfections, and incomplete strikes are common. The specified weight (1.6921g) and diameter (14mm) are nominal, with actual examples showing considerable deviation, though .931 silver fineness remained consistent.