1/2 Penny - John Third 'REX' Coinage, Dublin

John's Irish coinage reform of 1207 imposed a unified currency across the Lordship of Ireland, replacing the fragmented local issues that had circulated since the Norman conquest. The halfpenny and farthing denominations were struck as cut-round pieces — physically manufactured as complete coins rather than cut from pennies — an administrative decision that distinguished the Irish series from contemporary English practice.

The "REX" classification separates these from John's later "REX HIBERNIE" issues after 1210, when his personal expedition to Ireland prompted a second coinage reform.