1/2 Penny - John Second DOMinus coinage, Carrickfergus

John held the Lordship of Ireland from 1177, granted by his father Henry II, making him one of the few medieval rulers to issue coinage for Ireland before holding a throne. The Carrickfergus mint was among the earliest established under his Irish administration, operating during a period when Anglo-Norman control over the island remained geographically patchy and politically contested. These fractional pieces served real transactional demand in a frontier economy still integrating into the Angevin monetary system.

The DOMinus issues predate John's accession to the English throne in 1199 — the title change to REX provides the hard upper boundary for this type.