1/2 Penny - John Second DOMinus coinage, Carrickfergus

Issuer Ireland
Year 1190-1199
Type Standard circulation coin
Value 1/2 Penny (1⁄480)
Currency Second Irish Pound (1460-1826)
Composition Silver
Weight 0.7 g
Diameter 15 mm
Thickness
Shape Round (irregular)
Technique Hammered
Orientation
Engraver(s)
In circulation to
Reference(s) Sp#6216-6218
Obverse description Facing diademed head within beaded circle, legend around
Obverse script Latin
Obverse lettering +IOHANNES DO
(Translation: John, Lord)
Reverse description Voided cross pommée, with annulet in each quarter, legend around
Reverse script Latin
Reverse lettering + ROBERD · ON · C RΛ
(Translation: Robert of Carrickfergus)
Edge
Mint
Mintage ND (1190-1199) - -
Numisquare ID 5787758400
Additional information

Historical Context: This 1/2 Penny belongs to John's initial coinage for Ireland, as Dominus Hiberniae, before his English kingship. Struck 1190-1199, it signifies a crucial phase in Anglo-Norman consolidation post-invasion. The Carrickfergus mint highlights a key regional center in Ulster, reflecting the expansion of English influence and the establishment of a more unified monetary system across Anglo-Norman territories in Ireland, replacing earlier Hiberno-Norse issues.

Artistry: The anonymous engraver's work exemplifies the Anglo-Norman stylistic school. The obverse typically features a crude, crowned bust of John, often facing, with the legend 'IOHANNES DOMINUS'. The reverse displays a voided cross, often with pellets or annulets in the quarters, encircled by the mint signature, such as 'CARRO FER' for Carrickfergus, and potentially the moneyer's name. This design, while simple, was functional for its era.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver, weighing approximately 0.7 grams and measuring 15mm, this coin exhibits characteristics common to medieval hammered coinage. High-points for preservation include the crown and facial features on the obverse, and the central cross and legible legend on the reverse. Expect irregular flans, variable striking pressure causing off-center strikes or weakness, and often partially obscured legends. Die wear and blundering are frequently observed.

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