1/2 Paisa - Tipu Sultan Patan mint

Historical Context: Tipu Sultan (reigned 1782-1799), often referred to as the "Tiger of Mysore," was a formidable ruler who fiercely resisted British colonial expansion in India. His reign was marked by significant administrative, military, and economic reforms, including a distinctive coinage system. This 1/2 Paisa, issued between 1791 and 1794 from the Patan mint (Seringapatam, his capital), dates to a critical period following the Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-1792) and leading up to the Fourth. It embodies Tipu's assertion of sovereignty and his efforts to maintain an independent state amidst growing British influence.

Artistry: The artistry on Tipu Sultan's coinage, including this 1/2 Paisa, reflects an indigenous Indian stylistic school deeply infused with Islamic numismatic traditions. While individual engravers remain largely anonymous, the designs are consistent with Tipu's vision. They typically feature elegant Persian legends, often incorporating his unique Mauludi dating system and the mint name. For this denomination, the design would focus on clear, concise inscriptions, with "Patan" prominently displayed, rendered with a distinctive calligraphic style characteristic of his court, prioritizing legibility and the communication of sovereign authority.

Technical/Grading: This copper 1/2 Paisa, weighing 5.55 grams and measuring 17 millimeters, exhibits characteristics typical of hand-struck coinage from late 18th-century Mysore. High-points for assessing strike quality and wear include the sharpness and completeness of the Persian legends, particularly the mint name "Patan" and any date numerals. Due to manual production, examples often present with varying degrees of off-centering, uneven planchet thickness, and inconsistent strike pressure, leading to areas of flatness. Collectors should prioritize overall legibility of inscriptions and the coin's structural integrity, as minor planchet flaws are common.