Catalog
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| Issuer | Parma and Piacenza, Duchy of |
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| Year | 1785-1797 |
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| Reference(s) | C#17, MIR#1066 |
| Obverse description | Bare-headed bust of Ferdinand I, Infante of Spain, facing right, with powdered wig tied with a ribbon at the nape, wearing a lace jabot and a decorated court coat. The portrait is rendered in a refined late-Baroque style with fine engraving detail. The circular legend around the periphery reads FERDINANDVS I·HISPAN·INFANS S, separated by a beaded inner border from the coin's milled edge. |
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| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Ferdinando di Borbone ruled Parma from 1765 under heavy influence from his mother, Luisa Elisabetta of France, and later from the reforming minister Guillaume du Tillot, whom Ferdinando eventually expelled in 1771. The duchy's coinage under his reign reflects this transitional instability — early monetary policy pushed toward Enlightenment-era standardization, while later issues reverted to more conservative Bourbon practice. The long date range of this type suggests a prolonged production run across multiple dies rather than a single concentrated emission.