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Yirmilik - Mahmud II Kostantiniyye mint
| Issuer | Ottoman Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 1832-1838 |
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| Orientation | Medal alignment ↑↑ |
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| Reverse description | The central field bears a multi-line Arabic inscription denoting the mint name Kostantiniyye (Constantinople), the regnal year, and the accession year 1223 AH, all contained within a three-quarter chain wreath with dotted beading on its inner edge and tied at the base by a floral ornament. The regnal year numeral appears at the upper portion of the legend above the mint name, with the Hijri accession date 1223 inscribed below. The outer border is composed of the same continuous floral and foliate wreath as the obverse. |
| Reverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
The yirmilik — a twenty-para piece — was struck during a period when Mahmud II was aggressively dismantling the Janissary corps and restructuring Ottoman finances along European lines. The Auspicious Incident of 1826 had cleared the way for military reform, but also triggered significant monetary disruption; billon issues like this one proliferated as the treasury struggled to fund a modernizing army while silver reserves remained inadequate for full-weight coinage.
KM#596 is known with multiple tughra varieties across its production window, a consequence of the Kostantiniyye mint retooling dies repeatedly through the 1830s.