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Yarmaq - Tole Buqa 'with Uyghur inscription' Qrim mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1287-1290 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Reference(s) | A#2022A, Zeno cat#8572 |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Old Uyghur |
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| Mint | Qrim (Crimea) mint |
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| Additional information |
Tole Buqa's reign over the Golden Horde was brief and contested — he ruled roughly 1287 to 1291, sharing and disputing power with Nogai, the powerful beg whose influence over the western steppe effectively overshadowed the official khan for most of this period. Qrim (Crimea) was among the Horde's most commercially active minting centers, sitting on Black Sea trade routes that connected Genoese merchants to the Mongol interior.
The Uyghur script inscription places this piece within a transitional moment before Arabic-script coinage fully standardized across Jochid issues.