Vintém 'S, closed crown' - Sebastião I

Sebastião I ascended the throne at age three and ruled under regency until 1568, but the vintém coinage issued across his reign is more dramatically bookended by its end: he died at the Battle of Alcácer Quibir in 1578, leaving no heir and triggering the dynastic crisis that delivered Portugal into Spanish hands two years later. The 'closed crown' variants catalogued under Gomes Se.30 through Se.32 represent sequential die revisions across the reign, with subtle differences in the crown form used to distinguish them — an unusual degree of mid-reign modification for a denomination this small.