Trentin Countermarked lozenge

The lozenge countermark applied to these Trentin gold pieces reflects Catalonia's acute currency shortage during the Reapers' War — the revolt against Castilian rule that began in 1640 and dragged the Principality through over a decade of military occupation, shifting allegiances, and monetary disruption. Existing foreign gold was countermarked by Catalan authorities to authenticate and regulate circulation when new coinage could not reliably be produced.

The date range spans both the period of French protection under Louis XIII and the subsequent slow reimposition of Castilian authority after 1652.