Tornês - Dinis I

Dinis I, who reigned for 46 years and cultivated Portugal's first golden age of letters, reorganized royal finances substantially after inheriting a treasury depleted by his father Afonso III's wars and ecclesiastical disputes. The tornês was a direct adaptation of the French denier tournois — itself named for Saint-Martin de Tours — introduced into the Iberian monetary system as Portuguese trade with northern Europe demanded a recognized, trusted silver denomination.

Dinis's issues are notable for their relatively consistent fineness at a time when neighboring Castile was debasing aggressively.