Tetradrachm - Tutukhas Late Middle Period

Choresmian coinage of this period occupies a poorly documented stretch of Central Asian numismatic history, wedged between Kushano-Sasanian influence and the Arab conquest of the region in the late 7th century. The Tutukhas series — named for a dynastic title rather than a personal name — represents the administrative fragmentation of the Chorasmian state as Sasanian power contracted eastward. Silver quality in these later issues declined noticeably as the dynasty's access to consistent bullion sources became unreliable.

The Vainberg classification remains the principal reference, drawn from her 1977 Soviet-era monograph on Chorasmian numismatics — still not fully superseded in Western literature.