Tetradrachm - Kamnaskires IV

Historical Context: This Tetradrachm, issued by Kamnaskires IV of Elymais (64-53 BC), marks a period of significant regional transition. Elymais, a semi-autonomous kingdom in modern Khuzestan, Iran, navigated the waning Seleucid power and the rising Parthian Empire. Kamnaskires IV's reign highlights Elymais's ability to maintain a distinct numismatic and cultural identity amidst these powerful neighbors. The issuance of such a substantial silver denomination underscores the kingdom's economic resilience and political significance during this turbulent era.

Artistry: The coin's artistic style reflects a unique synthesis of Hellenistic and local Parthian influences, typical of Elymaean mints. While the engraver is unknown, the design showcases a departure from classical realism. The obverse features a highly stylized bust of Kamnaskires IV, often with a distinctive diadem or hairstyle, characteristic of Elymaean portraiture. The reverse commonly depicts an enthroned deity, frequently interpreted as a local Zeus-Baal, holding a scepter, sometimes incorporating the Seleucid anchor symbol. Inscriptions are typically Greek, often somewhat blundered.

Technical/Grading: This substantial silver tetradrachm (14.17 grams, 30 mm) often presents typical Elymaean strike characteristics. Key high points for strike and wear include the ruler's nose, forehead, and diadem on the obverse, and the deity's head and scepter on the reverse. Elymaean coinage from this era frequently exhibits variable strike pressure, leading to areas of flatness or off-center strikes. The large flan size often made a full, even strike challenging, and minor planchet irregularities are common, though the silver purity remains generally high.