Tetradrachm - Idrieus Halicarnassus

Historical Context: This tetradrachm was issued under Idrieus, Satrap of Caria, between 351 and 344 BC. Idrieus belonged to the Hekatomnid dynasty, governing Caria as an autonomous Achaemenid satrapy from Halicarnassus. Succeeding his sister-wife Artemisia II, he continued the dynastic tradition of assertive rule. These substantial silver issues served as crucial instruments of economic power and political propaganda, affirming the satrap's authority and Caria's unique position within the Achaemenid Empire.

Artistry: The coin's design exemplifies high Late Classical Greek numismatic art, likely by skilled Greek die-engravers. The obverse features a finely rendered head of Apollo, laureate, facing right, reflecting widespread Hellenic veneration and Caria's cultural ties. The reverse depicts Zeus Labraundos standing right, holding his characteristic double-axe (labrys) and a scepter. This distinctly Carian deity underscores the region's unique religious identity and the satrap's connection to indigenous traditions, often with the ruler's name.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a broad silver flan (15.22 grams, 24 millimeters), this tetradrachm typically exhibits a strong strike. Key high-points on the obverse include Apollo's hair and laurel wreath; on the reverse, Zeus's head, the labrys, and scepter are most susceptible to wear. Collectors evaluate centering, die alignment, and design completeness. Examples with full details, minimal surface marks, and good metal quality are highly prized. Patina and toning often enhance the coin's aesthetic appeal and historical integrity.