Tetradrachm - Audoleon In the name of Alexander III, Astibos or Damastion

Issuer Kings of Paeonia
Year 300 BC - 286 BC
Type Standard circulation coin
Value Tetradrachm (4)
Currency Attic drachm
Composition Silver
Weight 17.27 g
Diameter 25 mm
Thickness
Shape Round (irregular)
Technique Hammered
Orientation Variable alignment ↺
Engraver(s)
In circulation to
Reference(s) Price#646 3.1#157 10#371
Obverse description Head of beardless Heracles right wearing lion skin headdress.
Obverse script
Obverse lettering
Reverse description Zeus seated on stool-throne left, eagle on outstretched right hand, sceptre in left hand; in left field, monogram.
Reverse script Greek
Reverse lettering ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ
Edge
Mint Astibus, Paeonia, North
Macedonia
Damastium, Illyricum, North
Macedonia
Mintage ND (300 BC - 286 BC) - -
Numisquare ID 8655632740
Additional information

Historical Context: This tetradrachm was issued by Audoleon, King of Paeonia, between 300 BC and 286 BC. This period falls within the turbulent Hellenistic era, following the death of Alexander the Great. Paeonia, a kingdom north of Macedon, asserted its autonomy while often remaining within the Macedonian sphere of influence. Audoleon's decision to strike coinage "in the name of Alexander III" reflects the enduring prestige and widespread acceptance of Alexander's monetary system. This practice allowed regional rulers to legitimize their authority and facilitate trade within a familiar economic framework, even as the vast Macedonian Empire fragmented, with production likely centered at mints such as Astibos or Damastion.

Artistry: The artistic design of this tetradrachm closely follows the iconic prototypes established during Alexander III's reign. The obverse typically presents a powerful depiction of Herakles, his head adorned with the Nemean lion's scalp, executed with the robust naturalism characteristic of early Hellenistic art. The reverse features Zeus Aëtophoros, enthroned, holding an eagle in his outstretched right hand and a scepter in his left. While no specific engraver is attributed, the stylistic school is distinctly Macedonian-Hellenistic, prioritizing idealized strength and divine majesty, though local mints would have imparted subtle regional characteristics to the overall execution.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver to the Attic standard, this tetradrachm weighs 17.27 grams and measures 25 mm. Critical high-points for assessing wear on the obverse include Herakles' brow, nose, and the details of the lion's muzzle and mane. On the reverse, the relief of Zeus's chest, left knee, the eagle's head, and the top of the scepter are key indicators of preservation. Well-struck examples exhibit sharp details, good centering, and a full flan, though variations in strike pressure and minor die wear are common due to the intense coinage production of the period.

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